Josephson effect — UPSC IFoS 2022 Physics PYQ

(i) Distinguish between d.c. Josephson effect and a.c. Josephson effect. Show that Josephson effect exhibits the quantum interference phenomenon on macroscopic scale. (ii) The critical magnetic field of superconducting niobium is 1 \times 10^5\text{ A/m} at 8\text{ K} and 2 \times 10^5\text{ A/m} at 0\text{ K}. Calculate the critical transition temperature (T_c) of niobium.