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cse โ€ข paper_1 โ€ข electrodynamics

[UPSC CSE 2008] Electrostatics and Magnetostatics (Q186, 20M)

Show that the interaction energy of two magnetic dipoles $ \bar{m}_1 $ and $ \bar{m}_2 $ separated by a displacement $ \bar{r} $ is given by U = \frac{\mu_0}{4\pi} \cdot \frac{1}{r^3} \left[ \bar{m}_1 \cdot \bar{m}_2 - 3(\bar{m}_1 \cdot \hat{r})(\bar{m}_2 \cdot \hat{r}) \right]. If two magnetic dipoles are held at a fixed distance apart, but allowed to rotate freely, what would be the configuration for stable equilibrium ?

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